Structure
Verb［る］+ まで(も)
Noun + まで(も)
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Rare Kanji
迄
About まで
The adverbial particle まで is used in the same way as many other adverbial particles, in that it is highlighting that the statement that comes after it as important in some way. However, unlike our first look at まで, which discussed its use as 'until', this use of まで has the nuance of 'even', or 'to the extent'. It can be used after verbs or nouns.
Although using まで as 'even' may seem different to 'until', they are essentially the same thing in Japanese. This is because まで always means '(A) まで, (B)', where (A) is the 'limitation/extent', and (B) is the 'noteworthy factor'. This 'noteworthy factor' will usually be a descriptive word/phrase, such as a verb, adjective, or explanation.
Fun Fact
The も particle is sometimes grouped together with まで, when the meaning is 'even'. This just adds emphasis to the fact that the event is somewhat surprising, or that the result is satisfying.
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私はスポーツカーまでも持っています。I even have a sports car.
Synonyms
Noun + まで
Until, Till, To (but no further than)
Not studied yet
Verb + まで
Until (something) happens
Not studied yet
ほど
The more, About, To the extent that, So much… that
Not studied yet
くらい ②
To the extent that, So…that, About the only thing that...
Not studied yet
ほど～ない
Is not as…as, Isn't... like..., Not to the extent of...
Not studied yet
ほど～ない
Is not as…as, Isn't... like..., Not to the extent of...
Not studied yet
さえ
Even
Not studied yet
Examples
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こっちまでイライラしてきた。
Even I am starting to get annoyed. (to the extent・until)
それまでやらなくてはいけないの？
I have to even do that? (to the extent・until)
頭まで痛くなってきた。
Even my head is starting to hurt. (to the extent・until)
夜中まで日本語の文法を勉強している。
I'm studying Japanese grammar even in the middle of the night. (to the extent・until)
お腹が空いているとき、熊は果実まで食べる。
Bears will even go as far as to eat berries when they are hungry. (to the extent・until)
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まで – Grammar Discussion
Most Recent Replies (13 in total)
Tim
I have a question that is well represented by this example:
お腹が空いているとき、熊は果実まで食べる。
Bears will even go as far as to eat berries when they are hungry.
Is there any nuance to adding the “まで” to the noun here (berries) instead of the verb (eat)? Would this be equivalent:
お腹が空いているとき、熊は果実を食べるまで。
To me, this feels more like the English equivalent of “Bears will even go so far as to [eat berries]” whereas the original feels like “Bears will go so far as to eat even [berries]”
jelly1
The structure box says it is used with dictionary verbs but from what I’ve seen (examples included), it’s used with 〜て form.
e.g. 大ケガしてまで手に入れた
Konachan
Like @jelly1, I also got confused by the 〜て form used in the examples.
I got confused by the example: “お金を払ってまでテストを受けたくない” Which uses 払う in its て-form so I searched a the www a bit and came to the conclusion: Using the dictionary form in the above example (お金を払うまでテストを受けたくない) would be translated to “I don’t want to take the test until I payed for it” which fits “Verb + まで” (N5 Lesson 8 6/13) but not までも. As this is new grammar for me, feel free to correct me if I’m wrong but I think it should be “Verb[て] まで”
- How to use まで ( = made) – Maggie Sensei (A reference included here on bunpro) also states “5. even […] (3) Vて ( verb te-form) + まで ( = made): to do something even doing something/ to go so far as ~”
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