Grammar Info

N1 Lesson 4: 11/17

()まえてBased on, Considering, Keeping in mind, Taking into account, Therefore

When modifying a noun, を踏まえた is more common

Structure

Noun + ()まえ(て)(1)
Noun (A) + ()まえた(2) + Noun (B)

(1) ()まえた上で
(2) ()まえて

Details

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    Formal

About を踏まえて

()まえる is a る-Verb that means 'to tread firmly', but is often used figuratively in regard to taking things into account. Because of this, the combination of the adverbial particle を, and ()まえる in its て-form can frequently be translated as 'considering (A)', or 'keeping (A) in mind'.

()まえて is primarily used in formal situations where (B) is an action being undertaken with (A) as the premise. As this structure begins with を, it will need to follow a noun.

In this grammar pattern, the literal meaning of ()まえて as 'being firmly planted' can be used equally as naturally, so long as its figurative nature is kept in mind.

Examples

--:--

    経営陣(けいえいじん)従業員(じゅうぎょういん):「この(すう)ヶ月(かげつ)でクライアント(すう)着実(ちゃくじつ)増加(ぞうか)()られます。以上(いじょう)のこと()まえて営業時間(えいぎょうじかん)延長(えんちょう)決定(けってい)いたしました。」

    Management to employees: 'In the last few months, a steady increase of the client base can be observed. Taking this into account, we have decided to extend our hours of operation.' (while keeping in mind)

    経営陣(けいえいじん)との(はなし):「去年(きょねん)反省(はんせい)()まえて今年(ことし)(あら)たなマーケティング戦略(せんりゃく)提唱(ていしょう)いただきたいと(おも)います。」

    A discussion with management: 'Based on (my) reflection of last year('s strategy), I would like to propose a new marketing strategy this year.' (while keeping in mind)

    会社(かいしゃ)のサイト:「国際的(こくさいてき)基準(きじゅん)()まえた新製品開発(しんせいひんかいはつ)懸命(けんめい)()()んでいます。」

    Website of a company: 'We work earnestly to develop our products with international standards in mind. (while keeping in mind)

    経営陣(けいえいじん)との(はなし):「市場(しじょう)成長(せいちょう)鈍化(どんか)(はじ)めているという現状(げんじょう)()まえて(あら)たな資金源(しきんげん)(さが)必要(ひつよう)があります。」

    A discussion with management: 'Based on the present circumstances, i.e. the market starting to slow down, there is a need to look for new sources of revenue.' (while keeping in mind)

    代弁者(だいべんしゃ)記者(きしゃ)質問(しつもん)(こた)える:「このイベント、(たし)かにいろいろ問題点(もんだいてん)もあるとは(おも)いますが、それ()まえてうちの会社(かいしゃ)計画(けいかく)どおり進展(しんてん)しようと(かんが)えています。」

    A spokesman answers a reporter's question: 'Speaking of the event, surely there are all sorts of problems, however keeping these in mind we plan to proceed as planned.' (based on)

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      を踏まえて – Grammar Discussion

      Most Recent Replies (5 in total)

      • Pushindawood

        Pushindawood

        based on
        considering
        keeping in mind
        taking into account
        therefore

        Structure

        • Noun + を踏まえ ( )/ を踏まえた上で
        • Noun1 + を踏まえた / を踏まえての + Noun2

        When modifying a noun, を踏まえた is more common

        [Aを踏まえてB is a formal expression meaning that B will be done/is decided based on A or while keeping A in mind]

        [Often used with それ、これら、これらのこと、以上、以上のこと which refer to the facts mentioned earlier on and from which the judgment/conclusion is made]

        [反省、経験、現状、意見、結果 are also common]

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      • megatron0000

        megatron0000

        Why doesn’t this work in this phrase ?

      • Fuga

        Fuga

        Hey there @megatron0000 !

        The reason をもとにして does not work here is because of the difference in nuance. をもとにして has a strong nuance of ‘based on’. Due to this the translation would change to something more like, ‘Based on the fact that this event has a lot of problems, we plan to proceed as planned’, and has the nuance of them making a decision based on the fact that the even has many problems. However, because を踏まえて has the nuance of ‘firmly planting your foot’, it is used in situations like this when you want to use something as a basis for judgement (keeping in mind). For example in this example, the speaker is thinking of proceeding while keeping the problems in mind.

        I hope that clears it up!

      • Noonche

        Noonche

        I don’t understand how to know when to use を踏まえて vs を踏まえた. The explanation says:

        But then I don’t understand why this examples isn’t を踏まえた:

      • nekoyama

        nekoyama

        It depends on what you want to say is based on 以上のこと. If it’s 営業時間の延長 then use a form that can modify nouns like を踏まえた, if it’s 決定いたしました then use a form that doesn’t, like を踏まえて.

      • Noonche

        Noonche

        Thanks for the reply. However, I’m not following something…

        In my head を踏まえた modifies 営業時間の延長. Literally something like, “extended business hours based on the above.” Obviously, this is wrong since that answer isn’t accepted, but I’m not sure why…

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