Grammar Info

N4 Lesson 10: 16/19

と考(かんが)えられているIs considered, Is thought of as

Structure

Phrase + と考(かんが)えられている
Phrase + と思(おも)われている

Details

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About とかんがえられている

In its citation usage, the case marking particleと is often used with verbs in the passive form. Two of these regularly occurring verbs are 考(かんが)えられている 'to be considered', and 思(おも)われている 'to be thought'.

This grammar point is used after a phrase, and translates as 'it is considered that (A)', or 'it is thought that (A)'. It is generally used to highlight a commonly held opinion that most people agree on (not your personal opinion).

The primary reason that these constructions are used in their displacement (passive) form, is to show that the thought itself is not something that is related to the speaker's own opinions.

However, people will often use this form as a way to strengthen their own opinions, in a similar way to how English speakers would say 'everyone knows that (A)'.

Examples

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    イルカはとても賢(かしこ)いと考(かんが)えられている。

    Dolphins are considered to be very intelligent.

    日本語(にほんご)は最(もっと)も難(むずか)しい言語(げんご)の一(ひと)つとおもわれている。

    Japanese is thought of as one of the most difficult languages.

      この街(まち)に海賊(かいぞく)が住(す)んでいたと考(かんが)えられている。

      It is thought that pirates used to live in this town.

      お金(かね)はどんな人(ひと)にも悪(わる)い影響(えいきょう)があると考(かんが)えられている。

      Money is considered to have a bad influence on anyone and everyone.

      この建物(たてもの)は500年(ねん)頃(ごろ)建(た)てられたと考(かんが)えられている。

      This building is thought to have been built around the year 500.

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        とかんがえられている – Grammar Discussion

        Most Recent Replies (7 in total)

        • wrt7MameLZE33wlmpCAV

          wrt7MameLZE33wlmpCAV

          There is an informational note in the と考えられる entry indicating that と思られる is more subjective. The notes can be easy to overlook, though, so don’t feel bad if you missed it at first. The verbs also have a bit of a nuance difference to them as well. 思う means basically, “to think,” but is also used more subjectively, so it can also translate as, “to feel.” 考える on the other hand means something more like, “to think over, to consider.” There can be a deeper contemplation implied by 考える over 思う, which suggests a more rational, objective assessment. That being said, both verbs have many senses and a wide range of uses.

        • ShinobiTay

          ShinobiTay

          I also want to know the difference and no one has said…

        • 11442

          11442

          英語はアメリカだけでなく、世界中で使われる言語とかんがえられている
          英語はアメリカだけでなく、世界中で使われる言語だとかんがえられている

          I’m just curious, is there a reason why the だ is optional here? (compared to seemingly similar uses of the と particle I’ve learned before)

          Is that だ logically there regardless in this case or truly optional? Does it shift nuance at all?

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