Structure
Verb［ます］+ すぎる
［い］Adjective［い］+ すぎる
［な］Adjective + すぎる
Negative:
Verb［ない］+ なさ(1) + すぎる
［い］Adjective［く］［ない］ + なさ + すぎる
［な］Adjective + では(2)ない + なさ + すぎる
(1) な
(2) じゃ
Details
Part of Speech
Verb
Word Type
Independent Word
Register
Standard
About すぎる
すぎる is a verb that is used in Japanese to mean 'to exceed', or 'to go past'. It keeps this meaning when it is attached to other words, and creates the Japanese equivalent of saying that something is 'too much'. すぎる can be joined to the ます stem of verbs, the stem form of い-Adjectives (simply remove the い), or the stem form of な-Adjectives (simply remove the な).
With すぎる, the る is regularly omitted, with すぎ being used by itself. This is a casual language pattern, and something you will hear all the time. This variation may be used with any word that すぎる would usually be used with.
There are a few rules that you will need to be careful about when using すぎる. The first of these unique rules is using すぎる with ない. When linked to ない, the い changes to さ, creating the structure なさすぎる. This means 'too much not (A)', or more naturally in English 'not enough (A)'.
As with regular ない forms, では or じゃ will be required when used after な-Adjectives.
In the third example here, we can see that the さ has been omitted. This is technically not correct Japanese, but has become very common among young people, so it still sounds natural.
The second unique rule is when using すぎる with いい to mean 'too good'. Because すぎる is used with the stem form of い-Adjectives, you will need to remember that the stem form of いい is not actually い, but よ. This means that よすぎる would be correct, while いすぎる is not.
Caution
Because すぎる itself is a verb, it can also appear in the negative form, this confuses a lot of learners, and is something that needs to be practiced. Let's have a look at all of the ways that すぎる could possibly appear with ない.
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学校に行かなさすぎるから成績が落ちた。Because I don't go to school enough, my grades are going down. (Literally, I don't go too much)
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彼はトイレに行かなさすぎない。He doesn't not go to the toilet enough. (A double negative that becomes positive)
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ゲームセンターには行きすぎないでね。Don't go to the arcade too often. (The negative focus is on 'too much', and sounds more like a request)
Because the meaning is different in each one of these sentences, depending on where the ない is, and how many ない's there are, you may need to be careful while reading these, until it starts to feel natural.
Synonyms
Examples
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ここはゴミが多すぎる。
There is too much garbage here.
この寿司は美味しすぎる。[美味しい]
This sushi is too delicious.
この寿司は美味しすぎる。
This sushi is too delicious.
その冗談は面白くなさすぎた。
That joke was not funny at all.
(Literally - Was too much not funny)
いつも週末に寝すぎます。
I always sleep too much on the weekends.
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すぎる – Grammar Discussion
Most Recent Replies (56 in total)
MurasakiChou
And @casual : Thank you for the information and fix!
Toldfinger1
It seems like it’s still not consistent between pages: -
Kirumi
I feel like this will forever be a ghost for me. Every time I get to the question, I rely on the “Negative-past” which throws me off. I always try to use a form of なかった.
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