Grammar Info

N1 Lesson 6: 5/18

いかん〜ずRegardless of (whatever … is), Irrespective of (whatever … is)

いかん is a formal written expression meaning “how"/ “in what way”

Structure

Noun + (の) + いかん + に関(かか)わらず(1)

(1) によらず、を問(と)わず

Details

  • Formal

About いかん〜ず

When the noun いかん 'how', or 'what' is paired with a verb negated with the classical auxiliary verb ず, it will commonly be translated as 'regardless of (A), (B)', or 'irrespective of (A), (B)'. The verbs used for this construction are restricted to 関(かか)わらず 'without relation', によらず 'without approaching', and を問(と)わず 'without questioning.

いかん〜ず comes after a noun followed by the case marking particle の.

いかん〜ず is a formal grammar pattern that is used primarily to express that (B) will not be affected by (A), even if it is something that would usually be expected. Because of this, 'without taking (A) into account' is another fairly accurate translation of the nuance.

Examples

--:--

  • 結果(けっか)如何(いかん)を問(と)わず、この学校(がっこう)では努力(どりょく)をした生徒(せいと)を褒(ほ)めるようにしています。

    Regardless of results, this school makes sure to praise students that put in effort.

  • テストの形式(けいしき)如何(いかん)を問(と)わず自分(じぶん)の力(ちから)を最大限(さいだいげん)出(だ)せるように勉強(べんきょう)しよう。

    Irrespective of the test format, I shall study in order to put forward my absolute best performance.

  • 《販売店(はんばいてん)の返品(へんぴん)ポリシー》商品(しょうひん)到着後(とうちゃくご)２週間(しゅうかん)以内(いない)であれば、理由(りゆう)のいかんによらず、自由(じゆう)に返品(へんぴん)することが可能(かのう)です。

    Return policy of a store: It is possible to return any product, free of charge, regardless of (what) the reason (is) if the return falls within two weeks of the delivery of the product.

    • これまでの経歴(けいれき)如何(いかん)を問(と)わず、我(わ)が社(しゃ)は多様(たよう)な人材(じんざい)を受(う)け入(い)れる方針(ほうしん)だ。

      Regardless of your career history thus far, our company has a policy of accepting a range of talented individuals.

    • 僕(ぼく)は勝敗(しょうはい)如何(いかん)を問(と)わず、全力(ぜんりょく)でプレーした息子(むすこ)を褒(ほ)め称(たた)えるつもりです。

      Irrespective of winning or losing, I intend to sing the praises of my son, who played with all of his might.

    • Get more example sentences!

      Premium users get access to 12 example sentences on all Grammar Points.

    Self-Study Sentences

    Study your own way!

    Add sentences and study them alongside Bunpro sentences.

    いかん〜ず – Grammar Discussion

      There's currently no discussion for いかん〜ず
      Ask questions and learn together with other Bunpro users!

    Join the Discussion